EU directives set out targets for renewable electricity, heat and transport. Low carbon technologies (LCTs) such as heat pumps (HPs) and electric vehicles (EVs) are critical components of the Government of Ireland’s Climate Action Plan to respond to the need to decarbonise heating and transport. The rate of adoption of these technologies is uncertain, but they pose considerable new challenges if they are to become fullyintegrated
components of the national infrastructure. In particular, the adoption of EVs on a large scale makes it necessary to solve large-scale, modified routing problems with many constraints more urgently than before.

This project responds to the need to identify how energy systems can be transformed to be secure (reliable), clean (green and sustainable), and fair (ensuring the citizen is at the centre of, and benefits from the transformed system). The project aims, in particular, to explore the design demands of electric vehicle routing problems and how they might be resolved efficiently and effectively.